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2023 Schedule M2RT, Resident Trust Questionnaire 

Name of Trust                                                                Federal ID Number                Minnesota ID Number 
Check all boxes that apply to the trust, and provide additional requested information. 
1  One or more of the trustees (or the trust’s other fiduciaries) were residents (full-year or part-year) of Minnesota 
 at any time during the tax year   . . . . . .  . . . . .  . . . . .  . . . . . .  . . . . . .  . . . . . .  . . . . .  . . . . . .  . . . . .  . . . . . .  . . . . . .  . . . . . .  . . . . .  . . . . . .  . . . . .  . .   1
 1a. Enter all names and addresses

2  One or more individuals or entities represented the trust or the trustee in Minnesota in connection 
 with the activities that led to the income on which Minnesota taxes (see instructions)  . .  . . . . .  . . . . . .  . . . . .  . . . . . .  . . . . . .  . . . . . .  . . . .  2
 2a. Enter all names and addresses

3  One or more of the trust’s tangible (real or personal) or intangible assets were located,  
 in whole or in part, in Minnesota at any time during the tax year  . . . .  . . . . . . .  . . . . .  . . . . .  . . . . . . .  . . . . .  . . . . .  . . . . . .  . . . . . .  . . . . .  . . .  3
 3a. Describe the assets located in Minnesota and enter their fair market value on the applicable date(s)  

4  Administration of the trust took place in Minnesota at any time during the tax year . . .  . . . . . .  . . . . .  . . . . . . .  . . . . .  . . . . . .  . . . . .  . . . . .  .  4
 4a. Describe the trust administrative functions that took place in Minnesota

5  The laws of Minnesota were specifically made applicable to the trust  . . . .  . . . . . .  . . . . .  . . . . . .  . . . . .  . . . . . . .  . . . . .  . . . . . .  . . . . .  . . . .  5

 5a. The trust documents contain a choice of law provision designating Minnesota for that purpose . . .  . . . . . .  . . . . .  . . . . . . .  . . . . .  . .5a 

 5b. The trust was formed under, or its operation is governed by, the laws of Minnesota  . .  . . . . . . .  . . . . .  . . . . . .  . . . . .  . . . . . .  . . . . .                                                                                                     5b 

6  One or more of the trust’s beneficiaries were residents (full-year or part-year) of Minnesota at any time during the tax year . . .  . . . . .  6
 6a. Enter all names and addresses

 6b. The resident beneficiaries have some degree of possession, control or enjoyment of the trust property or 
        a right to receive that property  . . .  . . . . . .  . . . . .  . . . . . . .  . . . . .  . . . . . .  . . . . .  . . . . .  . . . . . .  . . . . . .  . . . . . .  . . . . .  . . . . . .  . . . . .  . . . .                                                    6b 

7   One or more of the trust’s settlors or grantors were residents (full-year or part-year) of Minnesota at any time during the tax year  .  7
 7a. Enter all names and addresses

 7b. The resident settlors or grantors retained power to dispose of the trust property which amounted to a potential 
       source of wealth to them  . . . .  . . . . . .  . . . . .  . . . . . .  . . . . .  . . . . .  . . . . . .  . . . . . . . . . . . .  . . . . .  . . . . . .  . . . . . . . . . . .  . . . . . .  . . . . . .  . . 7b 

8  Minnesota courts had continuing supervisory jurisdiction over the trust at any time during the tax year  . . .  . . . . . .  . . . . .  . . . . . . .  . . .  8

9  The trust was created by a will of a decedent who at death resided in Minnesota . . .  . . . . . .  . . . . .  . . . . . . .  . . . . .  . . . . . .  . . . . .  . . . . .  .  9

 9a. The testamentary trust and the will under which it was created were probated in Minnesota . . .  . . . . . .  . . . . .  . . . . . . .  . . . . .  . . . 9a 

10  Lines 1 through 9 do not apply to the trust  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  . 10 

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2023 Schedule M2RT Instructions

Purpose of Schedule M2RT
Use Schedule M2RT to determine if a statutory resident trust under Minnesota Statute (M.S.) 290.01, subd. 7b also satisfies the requirements 
of the Due Process Clauses in the U. S. and Minnesota Constitutions.  The Minnesota Supreme Court treats these two Due Process Clauses 
“identically.”  Fielding v. Commissioner of Revenue, 916 N.W.2d 323, 327, n. 3 (Minn. 2018) (“Fielding”). These two clauses will be referred 
to together as the “Due Process Clause.” 
The U.S. Supreme Court addressed the Due Process Clause requirements for a state’s ability to tax a trust in North Carolina Department of 
Revenue v. The Kimberley Rice Kaestner 1992 Family Trust, 588 U.S. __, 139 S.Ct. 2213 (2019)(“Kaestner”). In Kaestner, the U.S. Supreme 
Court applied a two-step analysis to decide if a state tax abides by the Due Process Clause. The first test requires a minimum connection 
between a state and the person, property or transaction it seeks to tax. The second test requires the income attributed to the State for tax pur-
poses be rationally related to the taxing State. The Minnesota Supreme Court applied the same two-step analysis in Fielding. Schedule M2RT 
focuses on the first step in the due process analysis, the “minimum connection” test.  
See Revenue Notice #23-01: Income Tax - Statutory Resident Trusts - Application of the Due Process Clause Minimum Connections Test.

Who Must File Schedule M2RT
Complete and file Schedule M2RT if you meet the statutory definition of a resident trust but believe your trust may not have sufficient mini-
mum connections to Minnesota for due process purposes.  
If you meet these requirements and must file Schedule M2RT, you must also check both the Statutory Resident and Due Process Nonresi-
dent checkboxes on page 1 of Form M2. Complete Form M2 as a nonresident and use Schedule M2NM to determine your non-Minnesota 
income (loss) to include on lines 2 and 7 of Form M2. 

Types of Trusts 
The statutory definition of resident trust applies to “inter vivos trusts” and “testamentary trusts” that are irrevocable. An inter vivos trust is a 
trust that is created during the life of the grantor.  A testamentary trust is a trust that is created in the last will and testament of the grantor (i.e., 
the testator or decedent).  An irrevocable trust is one that generally cannot be altered by the grantor. 
Kaestner and Fielding dealt with irrevocable inter vivos trusts. Schedule M2RT asks several questions aimed at helping you determine 
whether your irrevocable inter vivos trust or irrevocable testamentary trust has sufficient minimum connections with the State of Minnesota 
for due process purposes. 

Question Instructions
Check all boxes in questions 1 through 10 that are applicable to your trust for tax year 2023. Also provide the additional information request-
ed in the space provided. If the space provided is not sufficient, include the additional information as an attachment to Schedule M2RT. 

Question 1
Check the box if one or more of the trustees (or the trust’s other fiduciaries) were residents (either full-year or part-year residents) of Min-
nesota at any time during the trust’s 2023 tax year. The trust’s other fiduciaries include, but are not limited to, trust protectors, investment 
trust advisors, and distribution trust advisors. Include the names and addresses of all trustees or other fiduciaries (regardless of their residency 
status) in the space provided.
 A “trustee” includes an original, additional, and successor trustee, and a co-trustee, whether or not appointed or confirmed by a court. [M.S. 
501C.0103(t)]
A “fiduciary” is a guardian, trustee, receiver, conservator, personal representative, or any person acting in any fiduciary capacity for any per-
son or corporation. [M.S. 290.01, subd. 8; M.S. 501C.0808, subd. 1(e)] 
A “personal representative” is an executor, administrator, successor personal representative, special administrator, and persons who perform 
substantially the same function under the law governing their status. [M.S. 290.01, subd. 8a] 
A “trust protector” is a person given powers granted by the governing instrument that may include but are not limited to one or more of the 
powers specified in M.S. 501C.0808, subd. 4. [M.S. 501C.0808, subd. 1(i)] 
An “investment trust advisor” means any one or more persons given authority by the governing instrument to direct, consent to, or veto the 
exercise of all or any portion of the investment powers of the trust. [M.S. 501C.0808, subd. 1(g)] 
A “distribution trust advisor” means one or more persons given authority by the governing instrument to direct, consent to, veto, or otherwise 
exercise all or any portion of the distribution powers and discretions of the trust, including but not limited to authority to make discretionary 
distributions of income or principal. [M.S. 501C.0808, subd. 1(c)]
The residency status of an individual trustee, or other fiduciary, is determined under M.S. 290.01, subd. 7 and Minnesota Rule 8002.0200. See 
the Income Tax Fact Sheet 1, Residency and Income Tax Fact Sheet 2, Part-Year Residents for more information.

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Question 2
Check the box if one or more individuals or entities represented the trust or the trustee in Minnesota in connection with the activities that led 
to the income on which Minnesota taxes. See M.S. Sec. 290.17, subd. 2(c).  Include the names and addresses of all individuals and entities in 
the space provided.  

Question 3
Check the box if one or more of the trust’s tangible (real or personal) or intangible assets were located (in whole or in part) in Minnesota at 
any time during the trust’s 2023 tax year. This includes assets owned at any point during the taxable year. 
Include a description of the assets located in Minnesota and their dollar values in the space provided. The dollar value should be reported at 
the asset’s fair market value at the earliest of the following events:
•  Sale of the asset
•  Termination of the trust
•  End of the tax year
In Kaestner and Fielding, the Courts discussed the location of intangible assets (e.g., stock) in terms of (1) where the custodian of the intan-
gible asset is located; and (2) where the trustee (the legal owner) of the intangible asset resides.  [Kaestner, 139 S.Ct. at 2218, 2220, 2222; 
Fielding,916 N.W.2d at 331, 332, n. 8]   

Question 4
Check the box if any part of the trust administration took place in Minnesota at any time during the trust’s 2023 tax year. Include a descrip-
tion of the administration functions that took place in Minnesota in the space provided. 
“Administration of the trust” includes, but is not limited to, the following:
•  Investment of trust assets
•  Conducting trust business
•  Distribution of trust assets
•  Conducting litigation or administrative proceedings
•  Undertaking administrative services including, but not limited to, record-keeping and the preparation and filing of tax returns
•  Fiduciary functions, including decisions regarding any of the above

Question 5
Check the appropriate boxes if any of the following were applicable to the trust in its 2023 tax year:
•  The laws of Minnesota were specifically made applicable to the trust;
•  The trust documents contain a choice of law provision designating Minnesota for that purpose; or
•  The trust was formed under, or its operation is governed by, the laws of Minnesota
There are circumstances when Minnesota state law (or the law of another state) will govern a trust even when the trust agreement designates 
another state law be applied.  [M.S. 501C.0107]

Question 6
Check the box if the trust’s beneficiaries were residents (either full-year or part-year residents) of Minnesota at any time during the trust’s 
2023 tax year. Include the names and addresses of all beneficiaries (regardless of their residency status) in the space provided. 
A “beneficiary” is a person who has a present or future beneficial interest in a trust or, in a capacity other than that of trustee, has a power of 
appointment over trust property. [M.S. 501C.0103(c)]
Check the box for question 6b if the Minnesota resident beneficiaries had some degree of possession or control of the trust property at any 
time during the trust’s 2023 tax year. This may include, but is not limited to, the following: (1) the beneficiary received trust assets or income 
in the tax year; (2) the beneficiary has a legal right to receive trust assets or income in the future; or (3) the beneficiary has a legal right to 
demand receipt of trust assets or income in the future.  
The residency status of an individual beneficiary is determined under M.S. 290.01, subd. 7 and Minnesota Rule 8002.0200. See the Income 
Tax Fact Sheet 1, Residency and Income Tax Fact Sheet 2, Part-Year Residents for more information.

Question 7
Check the box if the trust’s settlors or grantors were residents (full-year or part-year) of Minnesota at any time during the tax year. Include the 
names and addresses of all settlors and grantors (regardless of their residency status) in the space provided. 
A “settlor” and “grantor” is a person, including a testator, who creates or contributes property to a trust.  [M.S. 501C.0103(o)]
Check the box for question 7b if the Minnesota resident settlors or grantors retained power to dispose of the trust property in the trust’s 2023 
tax year and that disposal amounted to a potential source of wealth to them.
The residency status of an individual settlor or grantor is determined under M.S. 290.01, subd. 7 and Minnesota Rule 8002.0200. See the 
Income Tax Fact Sheet 1, Residency and Income Tax Fact Sheet 2, Part-Year Residents for more information.                                           2

Question 8
Check the box if Minnesota courts had continuing supervisory jurisdiction over the trust at any time during the trust’s 2023 tax year.

Question 9
Check the box if the trust was a testamentary trust and created by a will of a decedent who was a Minnesota resident at the date of death. Also 
check the box for question 9a if the trust and the will under which it was created were probated in Minnesota courts.
The residency status of an individual is determined under M.S. 289A.01, subd. 7 and Minnesota Rule 8002.0200. See the Income Tax Fact 
Sheet 1, Residency and Income Tax Fact Sheet 2, Part-Year Residents for more information.

Question 10
If questions 1 through 9 did not apply to the trust, check the box next to question 10. The question 10 box should only be checked if boxes 1 
through 9 are blank and do not apply to the trust. 

Optional Attachments
We may request the following information when reviewing Schedule M2RT. You may provide the following optional attachments with your 
Schedule M2RT:
•  A copy of the trust agreement(s) and other legal document(s) governing the trust, including all amendments
•  A copy of any order(s) from a Minnesota court exercising continued supervisory or other existing relationship with the trust
•  A breakdown of distributions made, if any, from the trust to each beneficiary during the tax year
•  A breakdown of the allocation of principal or income from the trust during the tax year
•  An explanation of the reason for change in residency status

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