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Department of the Treasury
Internal Revenue Service
2023
Form 1040-ES
Estimated Tax for Individuals
Purpose of This Package Farmers and fishermen. If at least two-thirds of your
Use Form 1040-ES to figure and pay your estimated tax gross income for 2022 or 2023 is from farming or fishing,
for 2023. substitute 66 / % for 90% in (2a) under 2 3 General Rule.
Estimated tax is the method used to pay tax on income Household employers. When estimating the tax on your
that isn’t subject to withholding (for example, earnings 2023 tax return, include your household employment
from self-employment, interest, dividends, rents, alimony, taxes if either of the following applies.
etc.). In addition, if you don’t elect voluntary withholding, • You will have federal income tax withheld from wages,
you should make estimated tax payments on other pensions, annuities, gambling winnings, or other income.
taxable income, such as unemployment compensation • You would be required to make estimated tax payments
and the taxable part of your social security benefits. to avoid a penalty even if you didn’t include household
employment taxes when figuring your estimated tax.
Change of address. If your address has changed, file
Form 8822, to update your record. Higher income taxpayers. If your adjusted gross
income (AGI) for 2022 was more than $150,000 ($75,000
Future developments. For the latest information about if your filing status for 2023 is married filing separately),
developments related to Form 1040-ES and its substitute 110% for 100% in (2b) under General Rule,
instructions, such as legislation enacted after they were earlier. This rule doesn’t apply to farmers or fishermen.
published, go to IRS.gov/Form1040ES.
Increase Your Withholding
Who Must Make Estimated Tax If you also receive salaries and wages, you may be able to
Payments avoid having to make estimated tax payments on your
The estimated tax rules apply to: other income by asking your employer to take more tax
• U.S. citizens and resident aliens; out of your earnings. To do this, file a new Form W-4,
• Residents of Puerto Rico, the U.S. Virgin Islands, Employee's Withholding Certificate, with your employer.
Guam, the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Generally, if you receive a pension or annuity you can
Islands, and American Samoa; and use Form W-4P, Withholding Certificate for Periodic
• Nonresident aliens (use Form 1040-ES (NR)). Pension or Annuity Payments, to start or change your
withholding from these payments.
General Rule
You can also choose to have federal income tax
In most cases, you must pay estimated tax for 2023 if both
withheld from certain government payments (see Form
of the following apply.
W-4V, Voluntary Withholding Request) or from
1. You expect to owe at least $1,000 in tax for 2023, nonperiodic payments and eligible rollover distributions
after subtracting your withholding and refundable credits. (see Form W-4R, Withholding Certificate for Nonperiodic
2. You expect your withholding and refundable credits Payments and Eligible Rollover Distributions).
to be less than the smaller of: You can use the Tax Withholding Estimator at
a. 90% of the tax to be shown on your 2023 tax return, TIP IRS.gov/W4App to determine whether you need
or to have your withholding increased or decreased.
b. 100% of the tax shown on your 2022 tax return.
Your 2022 tax return must cover all 12 months. Additional Information You May Need
You can find most of the information you will need in Pub.
Note. These percentages may be different if you are a
505, Tax Withholding and Estimated Tax, and in the
farmer, fisherman, or higher income taxpayer. See
instructions for the 2022 Form 1040 and 1040-SR.
Special Rules, later.
For details on how to get forms and publications, see
Exception. You don’t have to pay estimated tax for 2023 the 2022 Instructions for Form 1040.
if you were a U.S. citizen or resident alien for all of 2022
and you had no tax liability for the full 12-month 2022 tax What's New
year. You had no tax liability for 2022 if your total tax was In figuring your 2023 estimated tax, be sure to consider
zero or you didn’t have to file an income tax return. the following.
Special Rules Standard deduction amount increased. For 2023, the
There are special rules for farmers, fishermen, certain standard deduction amount has been increased for all
household employers, and certain higher income filers. If you don't itemize your deductions, you can take
taxpayers. the 2023 standard deduction listed in the following chart
for your filing status.
Nov 02, 2022 Cat. No. 11340T
